Electric shock occurs when: Workers need to take which of the following common-sense steps to protect themselves from falls through skylights and roof and floor openings? The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds must be plumb, and securely and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement. Employees shall not be allowed to ride on scaffolds unless the following conditions exist: The surface on which the scaffold is being moved is within 3 degrees of level, and free of pits, holes, and obstructions; Outrigger frames, when used, are installed on both sides of the scaffold; When power systems are used, the propelling force is applied directly to the wheels, and does not produce a speed in excess of 1 foot per second (.3 mps); and. constructing, using, and dismantling a scaffold is vital to protecting workers. All brace connections shall be secured. Guardrails should be between 38" and 45" high. D. All of the above. what to do and when to do it can save lives. Pre-Planning & Inspection Introduction Scaffolding is a precise structure. This means guardrails, a personal fall arrest system or both, depending on the situation. We thoroughly check each answer to a question to provide you with the most correct answers. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold Scaffolding must not be placed on unstable objects, such as bricks or blocks. e) must be made of pipe E WCB Regulations state: Tubular and similar type section scaffolding shall be erected plumb and _____. When poles are made of wood, the pole lumber shall be straight-grained, free of shakes, large loose or dead knots, and other defects which might impair strength. Ropes or hangers shall be used for supports, except that one end of a needle beam scaffold may be supported by a permanent structural member. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. No employee is on any part of the scaffold which extends outward beyond the wheels, casters, or other supports. There might be one pair of protective eyewear for your task or station, rather than individual eyewear for each employee. Truck-mounted and rough terrain cranes are both forms of a mobile crane, and both use which of the following to increase their stability? Outrigger beams shall be secured in place against movement, and shall be securely braced at the fulcrum point against tipping. The use of safe lifting postures and timing D. Armed robots. How to Erect Access Frame Scaffolding How to Erect Access Frame Scaffolding www.worksafebc.com Select . Nothing should lean in any direction. a. Appropriate fall protection may be required by the competent person for such activities or where the scaffolding is considered incomplete (i.e. Stilts, when used, shall be used in accordance with the following requirements: [44 FR 8577, Feb. 9, 1979; 44 FR 20940. Erected scaffolds should be continually inspected by users to be sure that they are maintained in safe condition. Employers must provide a training program that teaches employees who might be exposed to fall hazards: How to recognize such hazards and how to minimize them. Bracing shall be installed as close as possible to the intersection of the bearer and post or runner and post. There are several important scaffolding design guidelines and safety rules that pertain to working on a scaffold: Guardrails and/or fall arrest systems are mandatory when working over 10 feet up. Splice plates of other materials of equivalent strength may be used. AEGCPs are implemented on construction sites to oversee: The OSHA standard mandates that any time a worker is at a height of six feet or more, the worker is at risk and needs to be protected. The entire inside face of double-pole scaffolds used to support loads of 50 lbs. What the percentage of the construction industry that work on scaffold, Most scaffolds at jobsites are made of what type of material, What are the most frequently used types of scaffolds, The first step in building a scaffold includes a site inspection to do identify what. Posts must be accurately spaced, erected on suitable bases, and maintained in plumb. Identify the three essential elements of safe scaffold construction, and give at According to OSHA standard 1926.451 (g) (1), anyone working on a scaffold more than 10 feet above a lower level must be protected from falling to that lower level. Hot wires, ungrounded wires that can cause a shock if you touch them, are usually: More than 50 percent of electrocutions are caused by a worker coming in direct contact with: The OSHA standard requires flexible cords to be rated for: What is the most frequent violation of OSHA electrical standards? Platforms shall not extend outward beyond the base supports of the scaffold unless outrigger frames or equivalent devices are used to ensure stability. Boatswains' chair tackle shall consist of correct size ball bearings or bushed blocks containing safety hooks and properly "eye-spliced" minimum five-eighth (5/8) inch (1.6 cm) diameter first-grade manila rope, or other rope which will satisfy the criteria (e.g., strength and durability) of manila rope. has financial rewards, with an estimated annual savings of $90 million for American At holes, guardrail systems must be set up: The top edge of a guardrail must be from 39 to 45 inches above the walking/working level, and there must also be a means of protection from: Falling objects between top rail and walking surface. B. Surfaces on which stilts are used shall be flat and free of pits, holes and obstructions, such as debris, as well as other tripping and falling hazards. Other requirements are listed Scaffolds must be designed by a professional engineer in the following situations: Supported scaffolds exceeding: fifteen metres in height above their base support; or Wood splice plates shall be provided on at least two adjacent sides, and shall extend at least 2 feet (0.6 m) on either side of the splice, overlap the abutted ends equally, and have at least the same cross-sectional areas as the pole. Symptoms of silicosis ____________ , so workers should have a chest x-ray to see if there is lung damage. Your IP: 143.244.138.144, Requested URL: www.concreteconstruction.net/_view-object?id=00000154-24cb-db06-a1fe-77cb16a60000, User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/103.0.0.0 Safari/537.36. B. In addition to the applicable requirements of 1926.451, the following requirements apply to the specific types of scaffolds indicated. Make sure the scaffold is stable. Wooden bracket-form scaffolds shall be an integral part of the form panel. Because using cranes or derricks to hoist personnel poses a serious risk to the employees being lifted, any cranes and derricks that hoist personnel must: A. The mission of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is: To send every worker home whole and healthy every day. Identify site specific hazards not identified in the preplanning stage. Scaffolding work means the erection, alteration and dismantling of a scaffold. (7) Ribbons shall be erected along the length of the scaffold, located on both the inside and the outside posts . Scaffolding tagging is a safety-oriented practice of thoroughly inspecting erected scaffolding systems and subsequent tagging to ensure properly communicated specifications. each of the hazards. In the case of materials handling, storage, use and disposal, remember that the main hazards are injuries from: Because the number of injuries from operating powered industrial trucks was on the rise, the OSHA standard for Powered Industrial Trucks was revised March 1, 1999. Electricity travels in closed circuits, and its normal route is through a conductor. C. Always use a PFAS when working over an unguarded or uncovered opening more than six feet above a lower level In 1996, when OSHA issued the revised Scaffold Standard Click here to review the details. 1926.451(a)(1) and (3) TrainingEmployers must train each employee who works on a scaffold on the hazards and the procedures to control the hazards. The blocks for fiber or synthetic ropes shall consist of at least one double and one single block. Which of these is required if the workers body, hands or clothing may come into contact with moving parts? When erected scaffolds are to be moved by crane assure that: a. Electrocution, electric shock, burns, indirect (e.g., a fall from a ladder). prevented every year. A thorough understanding of all aspects of Manual force used to move the scaffold shall be applied as close to the base as practicable, but not more than 5 feet (1.5 m) above the supporting surface. Smith, Michael Abbott, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer. This scaffold is simply a rope attached to a harness with an assembly like a boatswains chair for the worker to sit in. The original scaffold layout is still feasible. A ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) protects workers from shock by: Matching the amount of current going into an electrical device against the amount returning from the device and shutting down power if a ground fault is detected. The scaffold must be erected with cross, horiz ontal, or diagonal braces, or combination. That's one of the reasons why we need to keep it inspected - for safety sake! Scaffolding refers to the plant components and materials that, when assembled, form a scaffold. On scaffolds whose length is greater than their height, such bracing shall be repeated beginning at least at every fifth post. Platform units shall be securely attached to the needle beams by bolts or equivalent means. Any man-made cavity, depression, trench or cut in the earths surface formed by earth removal Frames and panels shall be braced by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, or combination thereof, which secure vertical members together laterally. Secure access to the scaffold. Each wire rope used for securing brackets in place or as an anchorage for personal fall arrest systems shall be protected from damage due to contact with edges, corners, protrusions, or other discontinuities of the supporting structure or scaffold components. There are many other scaffolds in use as well, each with advantages and The ropes shall be securely attached to the needle beams. Scaffolds shall be constructed in accordance with paragraphs (a), (b), or (c) of this section, as appropriate. Any part of a building or structure used to support the scaffold shall be capable of supporting the maximum intended load to be applied. Ladders are used to provide access to different levels of the scaffold, although sometimes steps will be used to improve safety. Most of these incident happen because of improper erection of the scaffold, inappropriate use by workers and the lack of inspection and maintenance of the scaffold after it has been erected. (Hold the cups up to your cheeks to tell.) As mentioned in this module, in addition to cave-ins and related hazards, workers involved in excavation work also are exposed to hazards involving: Falls, falling loads and mobile equipment. Scaffold levels used only as a walkway must have what, planking or decking at least 18 inches wide or fall protection must be provided and used, Before builders can permit the use of a scaffold what must be done, Fall protection systems and falling object protection must be installed on any scaffold more than 10 feet above a lower level, The most effective protection to shield employees from falling objects is, Installing debris nets, canopies, and screens, Whats the definition of a Supported scaffold. A scaffold is a temporary, elevated platform that construction workers use for working safely at elevations. A supported scaffolding height-to-base ratio of . The platform shall be supported by a minimum of two bearers, each of which shall project a minimum of 6 inches (15.2 cm) beyond the platform on both sides. work on scaffolds frequently. Runners and bearers must be installed on edge. D. To ensure that medical personnel are available for every industry in which there are significant workplace hazards. An employee may wear stilts on a scaffold only if it is a large area scaffold. Risk assessments and safe work method statements are the joint responsibility of the principal contractor and scaffolding employer. 9. Employees are prohibited from working above other employees on the face of a sloped or benched excavation unless: Workers on lower level have overhead protection from falling objects. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. scaffold falls, 4,500 injuries and 50 deaths from scaffold-related accidents would be The frames must be plumb and level and spaced to adequately support the loads. b. Coefficients are used to balance the atoms on both sides. The ground is level and stable. ", "Single-point adjustable suspension scaffolds.". When guardrails are used for fall protection, a workbench may be used as the toprail only if it meets all the requirements in paragraphs (g)(4)(ii), (vii), (viii), and (xiii) of 1926.451. Runners shall be interlocked on straight runs to form continuous lengths, and shall be coupled to each post. An estimated 2.3 million construction workers, or 65 percent of the construction industry, Personal Fall Arrest System. sawhorses; others are much more complex, such as the scaffolds erected hundreds of A metal base plate footing makes the scaffold more secure and will go a long way to ensure scaffolding meets the next two regulations. 1. D. Rope-ladder scaffolds. of first grade manila rope. The sheaves of all blocks shall fit the size of the rope used. By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. Plan the scaffolding setup a few weeks before the start of the project to make sure the scaffold fits the site. Scaffolds over 125 feet (38.0 m) in height above their base plates shall be designed by a registered professional engineer, and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with such design. This means that whatever you're working on won't be tilted or sloped in any way. A. SCAFFOLD BASE MUST BE SET ON AN ADEQUATE SILL OR PAD to prevent slipping or sinking and fixed thereto where required. In addition to this human savings, working safely on scaffolds also If uplift could cause the components to separate, locking pins must be used and the components secured. One or more platforms supported by outrigger beams, brackets, poles, legs, uprights, posts, frames, or similar rigid supports. (8) All ladders used for access shall conform to ladders, Article 25. When moving platforms to the next level, the existing platform shall be left undisturbed until the new end frames have been set in place and braced prior to receiving the new platforms. Fixed Scaffolding Erection Scaffold must be erected, moved, or disassembled only by and under the supervision of qualied persons. If bridges are not used, passage may be made from one platform to another only when the platforms are at the same height and are abutting. Cross braces must keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square; All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging; Frames and panels must be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means; Frames and panels must be locked together to prevent uplift (separation of a Ray ID: 7a19bde4e8771d14 5. PLUMB/LEVEL/SQUARE. If this is the approach at your job site, then: You must clean and disinfect the eyewear between each use. For example, if lumber is used, it must be construction grade or Number 1 Grade spruce. Work benches shall not be used as scaffold platforms. 7. When wood poles are constructed of two continuous lengths, they shall be joined together with the seam parallel to the bracket. DO NOT ABUSE OR MISUSE THE SCAFFOLD EQUIPMENT. 10. A scaffold is a temporary, elevated platform that construction workers use for working safely at elevations. OSHA promulgated the Final Rule for Powered Industrial Truck Operator Training [29 CFR 1910.178(1)], which: Requires operator training and licensing as well as periodic evaluations of operator performance. Do not abuse or misuse the scaffold equipment. The noise exposure measurement your employer makes must include all continuous, intermittent and ______ noise within a range of 80 dB to 130 dB. Scaffolds shall be equipped with additional independent support lines, equal in number to the number of points supported, and of equivalent strength to the suspension ropes, and rigged to support the scaffold in the event the suspension rope(s) fail. Scaffolding in this Guide means the individual components, for example tubes, couplers Prior to starting all demolition operations, OSHA 1926.850 (a) requires that: One of the most important elements of the pre-job planning is: Proper equipment for prompt transportation of an injured worker, as well as a communication system to contact any necessary ambulance service, must be available: A structural material with tensioned steel strands embedded inside, which compress the concrete and give it extra strength. All brace connections shall be secured. Note: Except where . Scaffolding must be erected, altered, moved, and dismantled in accordance with applicable OSHA standards and under the direct supervision of a scaffold competent person. Move the personnel platform slowly and cautiously and have a rotation-resistant rope with a safety factor of 10 Use of fall protection above 10 feet. Scaffolds shall be suspended from metal outriggers, brackets, wire rope slings, hooks, or means that meet equivalent criteria (e.g., strength, durability). The type of fall protection required will depend upon: The four main causes of crane accidents are contact with power lines, overturns, falls and mechanical failure. All other connections of the scaffold are tight and secure; c. All components of the scaffold, including planks, are securely fastened. 1926.452 (c) (4) potential hazards that employers and workers need to be aware of so they can take the Operators must complete three separate aspects of powered industrial truck training: formal training, practice training, and: To adhere to fire safety precautions, flammable and combustible materials must be stored according to: General safety principles that can help reduce workplace accidents include: Material handling tasks should be designed to minimize _________ of the given activity. 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